All currently used Latin names for the 328 taxa in the plot, as of Sep,2020. If changes have been made since the plot started, the obsolete Latin names are included. The current species mnemonic and any prior species mnemonics are also included. Some notes on taxonomy are those taxa that have changed. The 1996 paper often mention is the first publication listing all species in the plot, and any name appearing in that paper's table, and changed since, is cross-referenced mentioned here. The 2004 paper likewise mentioned was the second listing most taxa, and again names appearing there are cross-referenced. Many other references are cited, but that bibliography is still not finished. Clicking a column will sort, and any name can be entered in the Search box to filter on it. Clicking on the arrow over a column sorts by the column, and the search box filters all records with any characters entered (eg a genus name, or the *). This table can be downloaded from a Dash archive. The Smithsonian library archive is an earlier version.
| Latin | Mnemonic | Family | Authority | Notes | aka | past code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abarema macradenia | pit1ma | Fabaceae | (Pittier) Barneby & J.W. Grimes | Formerly Pithecellobium macradenium and appeared in 1996 paper under that old name. Pithecellobium was an enormously broad mix of of many taxa. Barnebey and Grimes (1996) did a detailed phylogeny of Ingeae, many of which (except Inga and Calliandra) were once Pithecellobium. The genus revisions do not alter species boundaries here. | Pithecellobium macradenium | pitm |
| Acalypha diversifolia | acaldi | Euphorbiaceae | Jacq. | acad | ||
| Acalypha macrostachya | acalma | Euphorbiaceae | Jacq. | aca2 | ||
| Adelia triloba | ade1tr | Euphorbiaceae | (Müll.Arg.) Hemsl. | adet | ||
| Aegiphila panamensis | aegipa | Lamiaceae | Moldenke | aegp | ||
| Alchornea costaricensis | alchco | Euphorbiaceae | Pax & K.Hoffm. | alcc | ||
| Alchornea latifolia | alchla | Euphorbiaceae | Sw. | alcl | ||
| Alibertia edulis | alibed | Rubiaceae | (Rich.) A.Rich. ex DC. | alie | ||
| Alibertia patinoi | boropa | Rubiaceae | (Cuatrec.) Delprete & C.H. Perss. | Alibertia dwyeri Borojoa panamensis | ||
| Allophylus psilospermus | allops | Sapindaceae | Radlk. | allp | ||
| Alseis blackiana | alsebl | Rubiaceae | Hemsl. | alsb | ||
| Amaioua glomerulata | amaico | Rubiaceae | (Lam. ex Poir.) Delprete & C.H. Perss. | Amaioua corymbosa | ||
| Anacardium excelsum | anacex | Anacardiaceae | (Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth) Skeels | anae | ||
| Anaxagorea panamensis | anaxpa | Annonaceae | Standl. | anap | ||
| Andira inermis | andiin | Fabaceae | (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC. | andi | ||
| Annona acuminata | annoac | Annonaceae | Saff. | anna | ||
| Annona hayesii | annoha | Annonaceae | Saff. | annh | ||
| Annona spraguei | annosp | Annonaceae | Saff. | anns | ||
| Apeiba hybrid | apeihy | Malvaceae | apeh | |||
| Apeiba membranacea | apeime | Malvaceae | Spruce ex Benth. | This is Croat's name and is the accepted name for a widespread Central and South American species. But A. membranacea has regularly been misidentified as A. aspera, leading us to use that incorrect name for a period. We used A. membranaceae correctly through the 1996 paper, but then the incorrect A. aspera in the 2004 paper. We have now restored the correct A. membranacea. | Apeiba aspera | apem |
| Apeiba tibourbou | apeiti | Malvaceae | Aubl. | apet | ||
| Aphelandra sinclairiana | aphesi | Acanthaceae | Nees | aphs | ||
| Appunia seibertii | appuse | Rubiaceae | Standl. | This does not appear in Croat but was identified in the 1982 census, and we used it in the 1996 paper. Steyermark (1972) and Taylor and Steyermark (Flora of Guyana Shield) moved Appunia within a broad Morinda, but others, however, maintained Appunia separate. Later DNA phylogeny (Razafimandimbison 2009, 2011) shows Morinda to be polyphyletic. They decided to restore Appunia, and Tropicos follows this latest. So as of 2017 we have reverted to Appunia. | Morinda seibertii | |
| Ardisia bartlettii | ardiba | Primulaceae | Lundell | ardb | ||
| Ardisia fendleri | ardife | Primulaceae | Lundell | This taxon has gone back and forth. Croat used this name, and we published it in both 1996 and 2004 papers. However, Pipoly reidentified one BCI specimen as A. standleyana in the 1980s, Fl. Nic. and Man CR use A. standleyana. However, Ricketson and Pipoly reverted most BCI specimens to A. fendleri since 2006. | Ardisia standleyana | |
| Ardisia guianensis | ardigu | Primulaceae | (Aubl.) Mez | ardg | ||
| Aspidosperma cruentum | aspicr | Apocynaceae | Woodson | This is the correct spelling of Croat’s name (he wrote A. cruenta), and we had it correct in 2004 paper. This became A. spruceanum for a time, then A. desmanthum, but returns to A. cruentum as of 2018. | Aspidosperma cruenta Aspidosperma desmanthum Aspidosperma spruceanum | |
| Astrocaryum standleyanum | ast1st | Arecaceae | L.H.Bailey | asts | ||
| Astronium graveolens | ast2gr | Anacardiaceae | Jacq. | astg | ||
| Attalea rostrata | sch1zo | Arecaceae | Oerst. | Formerly Scheelea zonensis, and we published under that name in 1996 paper, then A. butyracea, which we used in 2004 paper. We are following Garwood, who used A. rostrata, the Central American form, distinct from S. American A. butyracea. Note that Tropicos still uses A. butyracea. | Attalea butyracea Scheelea zonensis | schz |
| Bactris barronis | bactba | Arecaceae | L.H.Bailey | bacb | ||
| Bactris coloniata | bactc1 | Arecaceae | L.H.Bailey | bac1 | ||
| Bactris coloradonis | bactc2 | Arecaceae | L.H.Bailey | bac2 | ||
| Bactris major | bactma | Arecaceae | Jacq. | bacm | ||
| Banara guianensis | banagu | Salicaceae | Aubl. | Croat includes this taxon, but it did not appear in the 50-ha plot until the 1990 census, and it subsequently died out. | bang | |
| Beilschmiedia tovarensis | beilpe | Lauraceae | (Klotzsch & H.Karst. ex Meisn.) Sachiko Nishida | We called this B. pendula for 30 years, and it appears under that name in 1996 and 2004 papers. But Nishida (1999) lists BCI specimens under B. tovarensis. He explains details of the differences at length, and they are subtle. | Beilschmiedia pendula | beip |
| Bertiera guianensis | bertgu | Rubiaceae | Aubl. | berg | ||
| Brosimum alicastrum | brosal | Moraceae | Sw. | broa | ||
| Brosimum guianense | brosgu | Moraceae | (Aubl.) Huber | Note misspelling in Appendix, but not main table, of 1996 paper. | brog | |
| Calophyllum longifolium | calolo | Calophyllaceae | Willd. | cal2 | ||
| Capparidastrum frondosum | cappfr | Capparaceae | (Jacq.) Cornejo & Iltis | Formerly Capparis frondosa. See notes under that name. | Capparis frondosa | capf |
| Casearia aculeata | caseac | Salicaceae | Jacq. | cas1 | ||
| Casearia arborea | casear | Salicaceae | (Rich.) Urb. | case1 cas2 | ||
| Casearia commersoniana | caseco | Salicaceae | Cambess. | casc | ||
| Casearia guianensis | casegu | Salicaceae | (Aubl.) Urb. | casg | ||
| Casearia sylvestris | casesy | Salicaceae | Sw. | cass | ||
| Cassipourea elliptica | cassel | Rhizophoraceae | (Sw.) Poir. | cas3 | ||
| Cavanillesia platanifolia | cavapl | Malvaceae | (Bonpl.) Kunth | cavp | ||
| Cecropia insignis | cecrin | Urticaceae | Liebm. | ceci | ||
| Cecropia longipes | cecrlo | Urticaceae | Pittier | Included in Croat but did not appear in the 50-ha plot until 1995 census, so does not appear in 1996 paper. | cecl | |
| Cecropia obtusifolia | cecrob | Urticaceae | Bertol. | ceco | ||
| Cedrela odorata | cedrod | Meliaceae | L. | cedo | ||
| Ceiba pentandra | ceibpe | Malvaceae | (L.) Gaertn. | ceip | ||
| Celtis schippii | celtsc | Cannabaceae | Standl. | cels | ||
| Cespedesia spathulata | cespma | Ochnaceae | (Ruiz & Pav.) Planch. | Formerly C. macrophylla. Cespedesia now considered monotypic, with nine names united under one widespread species. See Fl. Nic. We used the old species name, macrophylla, and Croat’s misspelling of the genus, so published this under Cespedezia macrophylla in both 1996 and 2004 papers. | Cespedesia macrophylla Cespedezia macrophylla | ces1 |
| Cestrum racemosum | cestra | Solanaceae | Ruiz & Pav. | Croat included this taxon, but it did not appear in the 50-ha plot until the 2015 census. | cesr | |
| Cestrum schlechtendalii | cestme | Solanaceae | G. Don. | Cestrum megalophyllum Cestrum schlechtendahlii | ||
| Chamaedorea tepejilote | cha1te | Arecaceae | Liebm. | Formerly C. wendlandiana, but we switched by the 1996 paper. Lumped by Henderson (1997). | Chamaedorea wendlandiana | chaw |
| Chamguava schippii | cha2sc | Myrtaceae | (Standl.) Landrum | A small group of 3 rare C. American species, formerly Eugenia, moved to Psidium in 1963, and we initially used Croat’s name, Psidium anglohondurense. The new genus Chamguava was erected in 1991 by Landrum based on embryological details that separate it from Psidium; Chamguava is in a small group with Pimenta. The BCI population is the only one known s. of Guatemala, and one of 3 species only seen 3 times in the 1940s. No change in species boundaries. Huge DNA phylogeny (2015) does not include Chamguava, presumably due to rarity. | Psidium anglohondurense | psia |
| Chimarrhis parviflora | chimpa | Rubiaceae | Standl. | chip | ||
| Chrysochlamys eclipes | chr1ec | Clusiaceae | L.O.Williams | We originally followed Croat and used T. nicaraguensis, but now corrected to Chrysochlamys eclipses. We had switched to C. eclipes by 1996 paper, so no publication uses old name. See notes for T. nicaraguensis and Hammel (1999). | Tovomitopsis nicaraguensis | tovn |
| Chrysophyllum argenteum | chr2ar | Sapotaceae | Jacq. | We used this name by 1996 and 2004 papers. In Croat, this was Cynodendron panamense, but Pennington (1990) lumped several species under C. argenteum as a subspecies. The name Chrysophyllum panamense has also been used, but never in our data. | Chrysophyllum panamense Cynodendron panamense | chrp |
| Chrysophyllum cainito | chr2ca | Sapotaceae | L. | Pennington (1990) is certain this is not native to Panama. | chrc | |
| Cinnamomum triplinerve | phoeci | Lauraceae | (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm. | This was formerly Phoebe cinnamomifolia, and appeared as such in 1996 and 2004 papers. Croat called in P. mexicanum. See Fl. Nic. | Phoebe cinnamomifolia Phoebe cinnamomifolium Phoebe mexicana | phom |
| Clidemia dentata | clidde | Melastomataceae | Pav. ex D. Don | Clidemia is now moved within Miconia, but names are not yet transferred as of 2017. | clid | |
| Coccoloba coronata | coccco | Polygonaceae | Jacq. | cocc | ||
| Coccoloba manzinellensis | coccma | Polygonaceae | Beurl. | We spelled this incorrectly in 1996, copying Croat's error C. manzanellensis. We propagated the misspelling in the 1996 paper, but corrected it by the 2004 paper. | Coccoloba manzanillensis | cocm |
| Cojoba rufescens | pit1ru | Fabaceae | (Benth.) Britton & Rose | Formerly Pithecellobium rufescens, and appears as such in 1996 paper. But Pithecellobium was an enormously broad mix of of many taxa. Barnebey and Grimes (1996) did a detailed phylogeny of Ingeae, many of which (except Inga and Calliandra) were once Pithecellobium. Cojoba is related to Inga and Calliandra according to Barneby and Grimes. The genus revisions do not alter species boundaries here. | Pithecellobium rufescens | pitr |
| Colubrina glandulosa | colugl | Rhamnaceae | Perkins | colg | ||
| Conostegia bracteata | conobr | Melastomataceae | Triana | conb | ||
| Conostegia cinnamomea | conoci | Melastomataceae | (Beurl.) Wurdack | conc | ||
| Cordia alliodora | cordal | Cordiaceae | (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken | cora | ||
| Cordia bicolor | cordbi | Cordiaceae | A.DC. | corb | ||
| Cordia lasiocalyx | cordla | Cordiaceae | Pittier | corl | ||
| Coussarea curvigemmia | cou2cu | Rubiaceae | Dwyer | couc | ||
| Coutarea hexandra | couthe | Rubiaceae | (Jacq.) K.Schum. | couh | ||
| Croton billbergianus | crotbi | Euphorbiaceae | Müll.Arg. | crob | ||
| Cupania americana | cupala | Sapindaceae | L. | Cupania latifolia | ||
| Cupania cinerea | cupaci | Sapindaceae | Poepp. | cupc | ||
| Cupania rufescens | cuparu | Sapindaceae | Triana & Planch. | cupr | ||
| Cupania seemannii | cupasy | Sapindaceae | Triana & Planch. | Seemann himself named it C. sylvatica in 1853 (Voyage of the Heald), however in 1862 Triana and Planch changed to C. seemanni saying C. sylvatica was already in use for a Brazilian specimen. But Croat used the old C. sylvatica, though he indicated C. seemannii as a synonym. | Cupania sylvatica | cups |
| Cyathea petiolata | cnempe | Cyatheaceae | (Hook.) R.M. Tryon | DNA phylogenies of tree ferns rearranged much traditional taxonomy. Cnemidaria is nested within Cyathea. No change species boundary. | Cnemidaria petiolata | cnep |
| Damburneya umbrosa | nectpu | Lauraceae | (Kunth) Trofimov | One group of Nectandra now split into this genus, an old name that had been subsumed into Nectandra, now resurrected on molecular results. This was originally Nectandra purpurea, reidentified as N. umbrosa, but the latter never go into the database (for BCI specimens, but yes for one at Sherman) or any publication. | Nectandra purpurascens Nectandra purpurea Nectandra savannarum Nectandra umbrosa | necp necs |
| Dendropanax arboreus | dendar | Araliaceae | (L.) Decne. & Planch. | What we currently call all Dendropanax in the 50-ha plot, but variation may require 4 species. Some D. arboreus at BCI now recognized as D. caucanus by Cannon, or D. concinnus by N. Hensold (the latter not valid according to Tropicos). See Cannon and Cannon (1989) about variability of widespread D. arboreus, and Hensold suggests hybridization or introgression might be blurring boundaries. The group requires revision, and individuals within the plot may need to be divided. Garwood supports a division of Croat's D. arboreus into D. caucanus and D. arboreus. See also notes with D. stenodontus about yet another possible taxon. | Dendropanax stenodontus | dendst dena dens |
| Desmopsis panamensis | des2pa | Annonaceae | (B.L.Rob.) Saff. | desp | ||
| Diospyros artanthifolia | dio2ar | Ebenaceae | Mart. ex Miq. | dio2 | ||
| Dipteryx oleifera | diptpa | Fabaceae | Benth. | Formerly D. panamensis. The two names appear to be used interchangeably for a species collected from Nicaragua through the Colombian choco, plus one in Ecuador. At Tropicos, de Lima named BCI specimens D. oleifera in 1986, but Klitgaard renamed D. panamensis in 2007. D. oleifera is the early name, but without specimens. The rules committee voted to accept it (Brummitt 2011). | Dipteryx panamensis | dipp |
| Drypetes standleyi | drypst | Putranjivaceae | G.L.Webster | drys | ||
| Elaeis oleifera | elaeol | Arecaceae | (Kunth) Cortés | elao | ||
| Enterolobium schomburgkii | entesc | Fabaceae | (Benth.) Benth. | ents | ||
| Erythrina costaricensis | ery1co | Fabaceae | Micheli | eryc | ||
| Erythroxylum macrophyllum | ery2ma | Erythroxylaceae | Cav. | Formerly E. multiflorum, a name from Canal Area in 1940. Plowman synonomized it and other local names under the widespread and variable E. macrophyllum. See also Hammel et al (2010) treating E. multiflorum under this. Appendix of 1996 paper failed to list E. multiflorum as Croat’s name for this taxa. | Erythroxylum multiflorum | erym |
| Erythroxylum panamense | ery2pa | Erythroxylaceae | Turcz. | eryp | ||
| Eugenia coloradoensis | eugeco | Myrtaceae | Standl. | Eugenia coloradensis | eugc | |
| Eugenia galalonensis | eugega | Myrtaceae | (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Krug & Urb. | eugg | ||
| Eugenia nesiotica | eugene | Myrtaceae | Standl. | eugn | ||
| Eugenia oerstediana | eugeoe | Myrtaceae | O.Berg | This was listed under Croat’s misspelling, E. oerstedeana, in the 1996 paper. | Eugenia oerstedeana | eugo |
| Faramea occidentalis | faraoc | Rubiaceae | (L.) A.Rich. | faro | ||
| Ficus citrifolia | ficuci | Moraceae | Mill. | fici | ||
| Ficus colubrinae | ficuc1 | Moraceae | Standl. | fic1 | ||
| Ficus costaricana | ficuc2 | Moraceae | (Liebm.) Miq. | fic2 | ||
| Ficus crocata | ficutr | Moraceae | (Miq.) Miq. | Formerly F. trigonata, and then mistakenly as F. aurea. Berg is clear that F. trigonata is not in C. America. | Ficus aurea Ficus trigonata Ficus trigonta | |
| Ficus insipida | ficuin | Moraceae | Willd. | fiin | ||
| Ficus matiziana | ficubu | Moraceae | Dugand | Formerly F. bullenei, following Croat, and appearing under that name in 1996 and 2004 papers. Garwood (2009) retained F. bullenei. | Ficus bullenei | |
| Ficus maxima | ficuma | Moraceae | Mill. | fima | ||
| Ficus obtusifolia | ficuob | Moraceae | Kunth | fiob | ||
| Ficus pertusa | ficupe | Moraceae | L.f. | ficup2 fip2 | ||
| Ficus popenoei | ficupo | Moraceae | Standl. | fipo | ||
| Ficus tonduzii | ficuto | Moraceae | Standl. | fito | ||
| Ficus yoponensis | ficuyo | Moraceae | Desv. | fiyo | ||
| Garcinia madruno | gar2ma | Clusiaceae | (Kunth) Hammel | Formerly R. acuminata. See notes for G. intermedia and Hammel (1989). We had switched before 1996, so this is in 1996 and 2004 papers. | Rheedia acuminata | rhea |
| Garcinia recondita | gar2in | Clusiaceae | Hammel | Hammel described this species around 2015, though still not published (Hammel pers. comm.). All BCI specimens of R. edulis/G. intermedia now identified at Tropicos as G. recondita, but G. intermedia remains valid elsewhere in Panama. | Garcinia intermedia Rheedia edulis | |
| Genipa americana | geniam | Rubiaceae | L. | gena | ||
| Geonoma interrupta | geonin | Arecaceae | (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. | geoi | ||
| Guapira standleyana | guapst | Nyctaginaceae | Woodson | We misspelled this G. standleyanum in the 1996 paper, copying the error from Croat. | Guapira standleyanum | guas |
| Guarea bullata | guarsp | Meliaceae | Radlk. | We finally identified the fuzzy-leaved Guarea morphospecies as this after 2004. G. bullata has been known in other parts of Panama since at least the 1960s. Impressed venation is distinctive, otherwise very similar and closely related to G. glabra. | Guarea fuzzy Guarea sp. 1 Guarea sp. nov. | gua3 |
| Guarea grandifolia | guargr | Meliaceae | (L.) Sleumer | BCI specimens of G. multiflora were renamed this before plot started (Pennington in 1979 on Mobot sheets, eg Croat 8443, 11300). | Guarea multiflora | gua1 guam |
| Guarea guidonia | guargu | Meliaceae | (L.) Sleumer | Identified as G. glabra in Croat. Foster reidentified by 1981; G. glabra should have glabrous ovary and few lenticels, small flowers relative to G. guidonia. | gua2 | |
| Guatteria lucens | guatdu | Annonaceae | Standl. | We knew this as G. dumetorum for 30 years, and see notes there. Maas (2015) provides details about slight leaf differences between the dumetorum type and lucens type, but indicates that in all other ways the two are indistringuishable. Both types also have the same range, in Costa Rica and Panama, so though the species circumscription was widened by lumping, the range was not. | Guatteria dumetorum | guad |
| Guazuma ulmifolia | guazul | Malvaceae | Lam. | guau | ||
| Guettarda foliacea | guetfo | Rubiaceae | Standl. | guef | ||
| Gustavia superba | gustsu | Lecythidaceae | (Kunth) O.Berg | guss | ||
| Hamelia axillaris | hameax | Rubiaceae | Sw. | ham1 | ||
| Hamelia patens | hamepa | Rubiaceae | Jacq. | hamp | ||
| Hampea appendiculata | hampap | Malvaceae | (Donn.Sm.) Standl. | ham2 | ||
| Handroanthus guayacan | tab1gu | Bignoniaceae | (Seem.) S.O.Grose | Formerly Tabebuia guayacan, and appeared as that name in 1996 and 2004 papers. Handroanthus is an old name, and morphological distinctions were known since the 19th century. | Tabebuia guayacan | tabg |
| Hasseltia floribunda | hassfl | Salicaceae | Kunth | hasf | ||
| Heisteria acuminata | heisac | Olacaceae | (Humb. & Bonpl.) Engl. | Known as H. longipes in Croat, but we used this name from the very start, and it appears in both 1996 and 2004 paper use this. Sleumer explains that Heisteria are not identifiable based only on flowers or fruits and leaves are needed. He collapsed many local species under H. acuminata, and all Tropicos specimens formerly called H. longipes now identified as H. acuminata by S. Knapp, R. Liesner, H. Sleumer. | Heisteria longipes | heia |
| Heisteria concinna | heisco | Olacaceae | Standl. | heic | ||
| Herrania purpurea | herrpu | Malvaceae | (Pittier) R.E. Schult. | herp | ||
| Hieronyma alchorneoides | hyeral | Phyllanthaceae | Allemão | Franco reidentified BCI specimens in 1989 and published a major revision, collapsing H. laxiflora and other widespread varieties. Major broadening of range, however many local names are still listed as valid at Tropicos. Franco recognizes two varieties of H. alchorneoides, both among Croat's BCI specimens, but this is stipule difference between adults and juveniles (Hensold). | Hyeronima alcheornoides Hyeronima laxiflora | hyel |
| Hirtella americana | hirtam | Chrysobalanaceae | L. | hira | ||
| Hirtella triandra | hirttr | Chrysobalanaceae | Sw. | hirt | ||
| Hura crepitans | huracr | Euphorbiaceae | L. | hurc | ||
| Inga acuminata | ingas1 | Fabaceae | Benth. | Originally censused as Inga skinny, an unidentified morphospecies. Croat did not include this species, and we finally got it identified in 1989 (Zamora). It was not (??) known in Panama until then. We had it as I. acuminata in the 1996 paper. | Inga skinny | ins1 |
| Inga cocleensis | ingaco | Fabaceae | Pittier | The identification of this species in the 50-ha plot has been reassessed. See detailed notes under I. thibaudiana and I. unidentified. | inco | |
| Inga goldmanii | ingago | Fabaceae | Pittier | ingo | ||
| Inga laurina | ingafa | Fabaceae | (Sw.) Willd. | Originally I. fagifolia, following Croat, but I. laurina was synonomized with I. fagifolia in Pennington's (1997) revision of the entire genus. We used I. fagifolia in the 1996 paper but I. laurina in the 2004 paper. | Inga fagifolia | infa |
| Inga marginata | ingama | Fabaceae | Willd. | Inga semialata | inma | |
| Inga mucuna | ingam1 | Fabaceae | Walp. & Duchass. | inm1 | ||
| Inga nobilis | ingaqu | Fabaceae | Willd. | Originally I. quaternata, following Croat, but we now follow Pennington (1997), in which I. quaternata was synonomized with I. nobilis. In 2004 paper, we had changed to this. C. American specimens are subsp. quaternata, and S. American are subsp. nobilis, but Pennington explains that there are intermediates in between and sometime one plant mixes the two different flower forms. We used I. quaternata in the 1996 paper but I. nobilis in the 2004 paper. See notes on recent confusion under I. quaternata. | Inga quaternata | inqu |
| Inga oerstediana | ingami | Fabaceae | Benth. | Originally I. minutula, following Croat, and appeared as such in the 1996 paper. Pennington's (1997) synonomized I. minutula under I. oerstediana, and Tropicos BCI specimens were identified as I. oerstediana in 1990 (Sousa). I. oerstediana is closely related to and possibly conspecific with I. edulis. | Inga minutula | inmi |
| Inga pezizifera | ingape | Fabaceae | Benth. | inpe | ||
| Inga punctata | ingapu | Fabaceae | Willd. | inpu | ||
| Inga ruiziana | ingaru | Fabaceae | G.Don | inru | ||
| Inga sapindoides | ingasa | Fabaceae | Willd. | Sousa (1993) argues that I. pavoniana should be used, because original specimen of I. sapindoides lacked flowers and is questionable. Tropicos specimens IDed by C. Romero in 2006 as I. pavoniana (also R. Gereult in 1994). Pennington synonomizes the latter under I. sapindoides and has no discussion of the problem. | Inga pavoniana | insa |
| Inga spectabilis | ingasp | Fabaceae | (Vahl) Willd. | insp | ||
| Inga thibaudiana | ingath | Fabaceae | DC. | Included in Croat, but not recognized in the 50-ha plot until 2005, when it was separated from I. coclensis for the first time. Many trees previously known as I. coclensis had been alive since 1982, so we know that I. thibaudiana has always been part of the 50-ha plot. | inth | |
| Inga umbellifera | ingaum | Fabaceae | (Vahl) Steud. | inum | ||
| Inga unidentified | ingaun | Fabaceae | The Inga species I. coclensis and I. thibaudiana were reassessed in 2005, and many individuals of I. coclensis were reidentified as I. thibaudiana. Any tree known as I. coclensis that had died by 2005 could not be revisited, and all those had to be switched to I. unidentified. | |||
| Jacaranda copaia | jac1co | Bignoniaceae | (Aubl.) D.Don | jacc | ||
| Jacaratia spinosa | jac2sp | Caricaceae | (Aubl.) A.DC. | Croat included this taxon, but it did not appear in the 50-ha plot until the 2015 census. | jacs | |
| Koanophyllon wetmorei | koanwe | Asteraceae | (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. | koaw | ||
| Lacistema aggregatum | laciag | Lacistemataceae | (P.J.Bergius) Rusby | laca | ||
| Lacmellea panamensis | lacmpa | Apocynaceae | (Woodson) Markgr. | lacp | ||
| Laetia procera | laetpr | Salicaceae | (Poepp.) Eichler | laep | ||
| Laetia thamnia | laetth | Salicaceae | L. | laet | ||
| Lafoensia punicifolia | lafopu | Lythraceae | DC. | lafp | ||
| Leandra dichotoma | leandi | Melastomataceae | (Pav. ex D. Don) Cogn. | Leandra is now moved within Miconia, but names are not yet transferred as of 2017. | lead | |
| Licania hypoleuca | licahy | Chrysobalanaceae | Benth. | lich | ||
| Lindackeria laurina | lindla | Achariaceae | C. Presl | linl | ||
| Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus | loncla | Fabaceae | (Poir.) DC. | The species appears as L. latifolia in the 1996 paper then L. latifolius in the 2004 paper (the latter is correct). Croat knew this as L. pentaphyllus. Zamora2010a synonomized L. latifolius under this. | Lonchocarpus latifolia Lonchocarpus latifolius Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus | lonl |
| Lozania pittieri | lozapi | Lacistemataceae | (S.F.Blake) L.B.Sm. | lozp | ||
| Luehea seemannii | luehse | Malvaceae | Triana & Planch. | lue1 | ||
| Lycianthes maxonii | lycima | Solanaceae | Standl. | lycm | ||
| Maclura tinctoria | maclti | Moraceae | (L.) D.Don ex Steud. | This was listed as Chlorophora tinctoria in the 2004 paper, but M. tinctoria in the 1996 paper. Neither name appears in Croat, and D'Arcy used Chlorophora. Our brief use of Chorophora was erroneous, since Berg's (2001) monograph clearly used Maclura. | Chlorophora tinctoria | chlt |
| Macrocnemum roseum | macrgl | Rubiaceae | (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd. | Formerly M. glabrescens, but that C. American form was lumped under this widespread S. American species (Taylor pers. comm.). Appears as M. glabrescens in 1996 paper. [I need Lorence 1999 on C. American Rubiaceae.] | Macrocnemum glabrescens | macg |
| Malpighia romeroana | malpro | Malpighiaceae | Cuatrec. | malr | ||
| Maquira guianensis | maquco | Moraceae | Aubl. | Formerly M. costaricana. We switched after Berg (2001), and the 2004 paper used M. guianensis. See notes with M. costaricana. | Maquira costaricana | maqc |
| Margaritaria nobilis | margno | Phyllanthaceae | L.f. | Croat includes this taxon on BCI, but we did not identify in the 50-ha plot until 1990. A few individuals were in the census from the start, but remained unidentified until then. | marn | |
| Marila laxiflora | mar1la | Calophyllaceae | Rusby | marl | ||
| Miconia affinis | micoaf | Melastomataceae | DC. | mic1 | ||
| Miconia argentea | micoar | Melastomataceae | (Sw.) DC. | mic2 | ||
| Miconia dorsiloba | micodo | Melastomataceae | Gleason | Originally called morphospecies Miconia sp.15 2000, identified as M. dorsiloba in 2005. Does not appear in Croat. | Miconia sp.15 | mico15 |
| Miconia elata | micoel | Melastomataceae | (Sw.) DC. | mice | ||
| Miconia hondurensis | micoho | Melastomataceae | Donn. Sm. | mich | ||
| Miconia impetiolaris | micoim | Melastomataceae | (Sw.) D. Don ex DC. | mici | ||
| Miconia nervosa | micone | Melastomataceae | (Sm.) Triana | micn | ||
| Miconia octona | clidoc | Melastomataceae | (Bonpl.) Judd & Majure | Clidemia octona | ||
| Miconia prasina | micopr | Melastomataceae | (Sw.) DC. | micp | ||
| Miconia septuplinervia | clidse | Melastomataceae | (Cogn.) Judd & Ionta | Clidemia septuplinervia | ||
| Monteverdia sieberiana | maytsc | Celastraceae | (Krug & Urb.) Biral | Confusion here. We used Maytenus schippii in all publications and databases until 2019. But BCI specimens moved to Maytenus longipes by Barrie (2015), then Maytenus sieberiana by Biral (2016), and now Monteverdia sieberiana according to DNA phylogeny (Biral et al. 2017). The first change was due to misidentification according to Barrie, the second due to taxonomic rules, and the final due to genus revision by Biral et al. | Maytenus longipes Maytenus schippii | |
| Moquilea platypus | licapl | Chrysobalanaceae | Hemsl. | Licania platypus | ||
| Mosannona garwoodii | malmsp | Annonaceae | Chatrou & Welzenis | The official species name, maintaining Nancy Garwood's, described by Chatrou (1998). This correct version appeared in our 2004 paper. The species was thus first described from the BCI 50-ha plot. It is very distinctive, and common in the plot. It had several morphospecies names before the final description, including the genera Malmea and Cremastosperma. Croat called in Crematosperma sp., misspelling the genus. | Crematosperma garwoods Crematosperma sp. Malmea garwood's Malmea Nancy?? Malmea sp. nov. Mosannona garwoods | cres |
| Mouriri myrtilloides | mourmy | Melastomataceae | (Sw.) Poir. | moum | ||
| Myrcia splendens tip. gatunensis | myrcga | Myrtaceae | (Sw.) DC. | See sp.3, the morphospecies eventually identified as this. See also M. gatunensis, whose BCI specimens are now identified as M. splendens. However, plot 6 has many individuals of both this species and M. gatunensis growing side by side. | Myrcia gatunensis | |
| Myrospermum frutescens | myrofr | Fabaceae | Jacq. | Not in Croat but we identified in 1982 census. | myr2 | |
| Nectandra cissiflora | nectci | Lauraceae | Nees | necc | ||
| Nectandra fuzzy | nects1 | Lauraceae | An unidentified Lauraceae, tentatively placed in genus Nectandra. We have most consistently called it Nectandra fuzzy, but it was listed as Nectandra sp. nov. 1 in the 1996 paper, though we are not certain it's a novel species. The 50-ha plot has 11 individuals assigned the name. | Nectandra sp.nov.1 | nec2 | |
| Nectandra lineata | nectgl | Lauraceae | (Kunth) Rohwer | Our current identification for this Nectandra, following Rohwer (1993) who explains the source of Croat's mistaken identifcation as N. globosa. | Nectandra globosa | necg |
| Nectandra sp.4_(tiny_leaf) | nects3 | Lauraceae | This extremely rare Lauraceae, with just one individual in the 1982 census of the 50-ha plot, was never identified, and we are not certain it is a Nectandra. The single individual died after 1985 and we have never seen it elsewhere, so it will probably never be identified. It had very small leaves, hence the morphospecies name, but it was listed as Nectandra sp. nov. 3 in the 1996 paper. The combination of sp. 4 and sp. 3 as parts of the name for the same morphospecies resulted from confusion caused by several other unidentified Nectandra in our Panama database. | Nectandra sp._4 Nectandra sp.nov.3 | nec4 | |
| Neea amplifolia | neeaam | Nyctaginaceae | Donn.Sm. | neea | ||
| Ochroma pyramidale | ochrpy | Malvaceae | (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. | ochp | ||
| Ocotea cernua | ocotce | Lauraceae | (Nees) Mez | ococ | ||
| Ocotea oblonga | ocotob | Lauraceae | (Meisn.) Mez | ocoo | ||
| Ocotea puberula | ocotpu | Lauraceae | (Rich.) Nees | Croat called this O. pyramidata, but we changed to O. puberula by the late 1980s. Van der Weff had already named BCI specimens O. puberula in 1983. See Van der Werff (2002). | Ocotea pyrimidata | ocop |
| Ocotea whitei | ocotwh | Lauraceae | Woodson | Croat used O. skutchii, but that name was synonomized soon after his book. See van der Werff (2002), who acknowledged variability of O. whitei. | Ocotea skutchii | ocos |
| Oenocarpus mapora | oenoma | Arecaceae | H.Karst. | Formerly O. panamanus, in Croat and in the first census. | Oenocarpus mapoura Oenocarpus panamanus | oenm |
| Oreopanax capitatus | oreoca | Araliaceae | (Jacq.) Decne. & Planch. | Croat includes this, but it did not appear in the 50-ha plot until 2010. The sole individual then died by 2015. | orec | |
| Ormosia amazonica | ormoam | Fabaceae | Ducke | Not in Croat but identified in 1982 census. | orma | |
| Ormosia coccinea | ormocr | Fabaceae | (Aubl.) Jacks. | Current identification for a moderately common tree in the plot. Croat used this name in 1978, but we followed Stirton and switched it the novel O. croatii from 1982-1996. N. Zamora restored O. coccinea in 2007 (pers. comm. To N. Hensold), and specimens at MO use O. coccinea, so since the 2004 paper, we have this name. | Ormosia croatii | ormc |
| Ormosia macrocalyx | ormoma | Fabaceae | Ducke | ormm | ||
| Ouratea lucens | ouralu | Ochnaceae | (Kunth) Engl. | ourl | ||
| Pachira sessilis | pochse | Malvaceae | Benth. | Bombacopsis sessilis according to Croat. In 1996 paper, it appeared as Pochota sessilis, but we updated to Pachira sessilis for 2004 paper. See genus discussion under P. quinata | Bombacopsis sessilis Pochota sessilis | boms |
| Palicourea acuminata | psycac | Rubiaceae | (Benth.) Borhidi | Formerly Psychotria acumintata. Several psychotria moved to Palicourea due to improved character understanding (see Psych. acuminata). | Palicourea cuspidata Psychotria acuminata | |
| Palicourea brachiata | psycb1 | Rubiaceae | (Sw.) Borhidi | Formerly Psychotria brachiata, and appearing under that old name in 1996 paper. | Psychotria brachiata | |
| Palicourea cyanococca | psycpi | Rubiaceae | (Seem. ex Dombrain) Borhidi | Psychotria cyanococca Psychotria pittieri | ||
| Palicourea deflexa | psycde | Rubiaceae | (DC.) Borhidi | Formerly Psychotria deflexa, and appearing under that old name in 1996 and 2004 papers. | Psychotria deflexa | |
| Palicourea guianensis | paligu | Rubiaceae | Aubl. | palg | ||
| Palicourea hoffmannseggiana | psycfu | Rubiaceae | (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Borhidi | Psychotria furcata in Croat and the 1996 paper. Later Psychotria hoffmannseggiana before it was moved under Palicourea with many other Psychotria. | Psychotria furcata Psychotria hoffmannseggiana | |
| Palicourea racemosa | psycra | Rubiaceae | (Aubl.) Borhidi | Formerly Psychotria racemosa, and appearing under that old name in 1996 and 2004 papers. | Psychotria racemosa | |
| Pavonia dasypetala | lopida | Malvaceae | Turcz. | Formerly Lopimia dasypetala, following Croat, but this is the widely accepted classification, placing Lopimia within Pavonia (Fryxell). Hammel et al VI (2007) uses P. dasypetala without even mentioning Lopimia as synonym. This appears under the old L. dasypetala in 1996 and 2004 papers. | Lopimia dasypetala | pavd |
| Pentagonia macrophylla | pentma | Rubiaceae | Benth. | penm | ||
| Perebea xanthochyma | perexa | Moraceae | H.Karst. | perx | ||
| Picramnia latifolia | picrla | Picramniaceae | Tul. | picl | ||
| Piper albopunctulatissimum | pipeim | Piperaceae | Trel. | Piper imperiale Piper imperialis | ||
| Piper cabagranum | pipeae | Piperaceae | C. DC. | Piper aequale | ||
| Piper cordulatum | pipeco | Piperaceae | C. DC. | ppco | ||
| Piper culebranum | pipecu | Piperaceae | Croat used this name, and R. Callejas confirmed with identifications in 2006. Tebbs and Burger lumped under P. colonense in 1990. But Callejas (and Tropicos) consider P. colonense and P. culebranum both valid species, but the former not at BCI. Our 2004 paper has both species, with a single tree of P. colonense at Sherman and 5 P. culebranum at Cocoli. Our current assertion is that our plots only have P. culebranum, as at BCI, but Piper is extremely difficult now, as Callejas changes slowly propagate through Tropicos. | Piper colonense | ||
| Piper longispicum | pipelo | Piperaceae | C.DC. | First identified in 50-ha plot in 2015. Not in Croat nor in 1996 or 2004 papers. | ||
| Piper paulowniifolium | pipeca | Piperaceae | C. DC. | Piper carrilloanum Piper schiedeanum | ||
| Piper playablancanum | pipepe | Piperaceae | Trel. | Piper perlasense | ||
| Piper reticulatum | pipere | Piperaceae | L. | ppre | ||
| Piper subnudispicum | pipea1 | Piperaceae | Trel. | Piper arboreum | ||
| Platymiscium pinnatum | pla1pi | Fabaceae | (Jacq.) Dugand | plap | ||
| Platypodium elegans | pla2el | Fabaceae | Vogel | plae | ||
| Pochota quinata | pochqu | Malvaceae | W.D. Stevens | This has been our most convoluted series of name changes. This was first Bombacopsis quinata, then Pochota quinata (which appears in 1996 paper), then Pachira quinata (in the 2004 paper), but now back to Pochota quinata. However, Pachira sessilis remains. See notes under Pachira quinata. | Bombacopsis quinata Pachira quinata | bomq |
| Pombalia prunifolia | hybapr | Violaceae | (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Paula-Souza | Originally Hybanthus prunifolius following Croat. Several new genera will be needed for Hybanthus (de Paula Souza and Balland 2014). See notes with H. prunifolius. | Hybanthus prunifolius | hybp |
| Posoqueria latifolia | posola | Rubiaceae | (Rudge) Schult. | posl | ||
| Poulsenia armata | poular | Moraceae | (Miq.) Standl. | poua | ||
| Pourouma bicolor | pourbi | Urticaceae | Mart. | This was P. guianensis in Croat, but we followed Berg and changed to this by the late 1980s. P. bicolor appears in 1996 and 2004 papers. A Tropicos specimen now carries the name P. chocoana, but Berg used P. bicolor subsp. chocoana and this is still accepted everywhere (see Flora Mes, CR). | Pourouma guianensis | poug |
| Pouteria fossicola | poutfo | Sapotaceae | Cronquist | pouf | ||
| Pouteria reticulata | poutre | Sapotaceae | (Engl.) Eyma | We originally followed Croat and called this P. unilocularis, a C. American taxon. Pennington lumped it and 4 other species, and the combined group is widespread and variable. We switched before any publicacions, so this appears as P. reticulata in both 1996 and 2004 papers. | Pouteria unilocularis | pouu |
| Pouteria stipitata | poutst | Sapotaceae | Cronquist | pou2 | ||
| Prioria copaifera | pri2co | Fabaceae | Griseb. | pric | ||
| Protium confusum | protsp | Burseraceae | (Rose) Pittier | This Protium could not be identified from Croat and was censused as a morphospecies until 2000, called Protium skinny; in the 1996 paper it was called Protium sp. nov. It was finally matched to P. confusum, not a new species. | Protium skinny Protium sp. nov. | pros |
| Protium costaricense | protco | Burseraceae | (Rose) Engl. | proc | ||
| Protium panamense | protpa | Burseraceae | (Rose) I.M.Johnst. | prop | ||
| Protium stevensonii | tet2pa | Burseraceae | (Standl.) Daly | Tetragastris panamensis | ||
| Protium tenuifolium subsp. sessiliflorum | protte | Burseraceae | Engl. | A subspecies distinct from the BCI species, known only at two distant plots. | Protium tenuifolium | |
| Pseudobombax septenatum | pse1se | Malvaceae | (Jacq.) Dugand | pse1 | ||
| Psidium friedrichsthalianum | psidfr | Myrtaceae | (O.Berg) Nied. | psif | ||
| Psychotria chagrensis | psycch | Rubiaceae | Standl. | pych | ||
| Psychotria graciliflora | psycg1 | Rubiaceae | Benth. | Not in Croat but identified in 1982 census. | pyg1 | |
| Psychotria grandis | psycg3 | Rubiaceae | Sw. | pyg3 | ||
| Psychotria horizontalis | psycho | Rubiaceae | Sw. | pyho | ||
| Psychotria limonensis | psycli | Rubiaceae | K.Krause | pyli | ||
| Psychotria marginata | psycma | Rubiaceae | Sw. | pyma | ||
| Psychotria psychotriifolia | psycps | Rubiaceae | (Seem.) Standl. | Croat includes this, but it did not appear in the 50-ha plot until 1995 and is thus not in the 1996 paper. | ||
| Psychotria tenuifolia | psycg2 | Rubiaceae | Sw. | Formerly P. granadensis and published under that name in 1996 paper. Hamilton (1989) synonomized under this widespread S. American form, and Taylor (pers. comm.) agrees. | Psychotria granadensis | pyg2 |
| Pterocarpus hayesii | pterro | Fabaceae | Hemsl. | Formerly P. rohrii, and that old name was used in 1996 and 2004 papers. | Pterocarpus rohrii | pter |
| Pterocarpus officinalis | pterof | Fabaceae | Jacq. | A swamp species, rare on BCI, only 9 in plot and dying off. We listed it as P. belizensis in 1996 paper, but that appears to be a miscommunication. This has always been P. officianalis since Croat's identification. | Pterocarpus belizense Pterocarpus belizensis | pterbe pteb pteo |
| Quararibea asterolepis | quaras | Malvaceae | Pittier | Whether BCI specimens belong in Q. asterolepis subsp. stenophylla, Q. stenophylla, or Q. asterolepis, is unresolved at Tropicos. | qua1 | |
| Quassia amara | quasam | Simaroubaceae | L. | qua2 | ||
| Randia armata | randar | Rubiaceae | (Sw.) DC. | rana | ||
| Rauvolfia littoralis | rauvli | Apocynaceae | Rusby | Does not appear in Croat. Discovered on BCI in 50-ha plot in 1995 census. | ||
| Rinorea sylvatica | rinosy | Violaceae | (Seem.) Kuntze | rin2 | ||
| Rosenbergiodendron formosum | randfo | Rubiaceae | (Jacq.) Fagerl. | Formerly Randia formosa and appearing as such in 1996 paper, changed to Rosenbergiodendron formosum by 2004 paper. This and 3 other species were shown to be outside Randia (DNA and morphology). The species circumscription was nearly unchanged, though a Guyana segregate was split, so the new R. formosum has a slightly smaller range (Taylor pers. comm.). | Randia formosa | ranf |
| Sapium broadleaf | sapisp | Euphorbiaceae | Sapium sp 1 Sapium sp. nov. | saps | ||
| Sapium glandulosum | sapiau | Euphorbiaceae | (L.) Morong | Krujit synonomized S. aucuparium with this. R. Liesner identifed BCI specimens as S. glandulosum. | Sapium aucuparium Sapium caudatum | sapc |
| Schefflera morototoni | sch2mo | Araliaceae | (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin | We originally used Didymopanax morototoni for this, following Croat. But Frodin (1975) moved the entire genus Didymopanax into Schefflera, as new species added blurred distinctions. A DNA phylogeny confirmed this (Fiaschi & Plunkett 2011). We had the correct S. morototoni in the 1996 and 2004 papers. | Didymopanax morototoni | didm |
| Schizolobium parahyba | schipa | Fabaceae | (Vell.) S.F. Blake | This is the correct spelling of Croat's S. parahybum. We had the bad spelling in 1996 paper but corrected in database afterwards. | Schizolobium parahybum | schp |
| Senna dariensis | sennda | Fabaceae | (Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby | Formerly Cassia fruticosa, but we had corrected to Senna by the 1996 and 2004 papers. Irwin and Barneby 1982 split Cassia into 3 genera, including Senna. Reviewed in Marazzi, with DNA phylogeny confirming monophyly of Senna. Known as S. dariensis var. gatunensis in Tropicos. | Cassia fruticosa | casf |
| Simarouba amara | simaam | Simaroubaceae | Aubl. | sima | ||
| Siparuna cristata | sipacr | Siparunaceae | (Poepp. & Endl.) A. DC. | On BCI, this was formerly identified as S. guianensis, following Croat. Renner re-identified the Tropicos on BCI specimens as S. cristata in 1999. See notes with S. guianensis. | Siparuna guianensis | sipg |
| Siparuna pauciflora | sipapa | Siparunaceae | (Beurl.) A. DC. | sipp | ||
| Sloanea terniflora | sloate | Elaeocarpaceae | (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Standl. | sloa3 slot | ||
| Socratea exorrhiza | socrex | Arecaceae | (Mart.) H.Wendl. | We used this in 1996 and 2004 papers, changing from Croat, who called this S. durissima. See notes there. Henderson (1997) lumped S. durissima with the S. American S. exorrhiza. | Socratea durissima | soce |
| Solanum arboreum | solaar | Solanaceae | Dunal | sol2 | ||
| Solanum asperum | solaas | Solanaceae | Rich. | sola | ||
| Solanum hayesii | solaha | Solanaceae | Fernald | solh | ||
| Solanum lepidotum | solast | Solanaceae | Dunal | Nee says Panama and Andes specimens should be this, while E. Brazil specimens are different. So Brazil specimens were first argenteum, changed to lepidotum by Soto, changed back to argenteum by Nee | Solanum argenteum Solanum steyemarkii Solanum steyermarkii | sol3 |
| Solanum splendens | cyphha | Solanaceae | (Dunal) Bohs | Cyphomandra hartwegii Solanum circinatum | ||
| Sorocea affinis | soroaf | Moraceae | Hemsl. | sora | ||
| Spachea membranacea | spacme | Malpighiaceae | Cuatrec. | spam | ||
| Spondias mombin | sponmo | Anacardiaceae | L. | spom | ||
| Spondias radlkoferi | sponra | Anacardiaceae | Donn.Sm. | spor | ||
| Staphylea occidentalis | turpoc | Staphyleaceae | Sw. | Turpinia occidentalis | ||
| Sterculia apetala | sterap | Malvaceae | (Jacq.) H.Karst. | stea | ||
| Stylogyne turbacensis | stylst | Primulaceae | (Kunth) Mez | Formerly S. standleyi, in both 1996 and 2004 paper. We since switched to S. turbacensis, following the monograph of Ricketson and Pipoly (1997). | Stylogyne standleyi | stys |
| Swartzia simplex var. continentalis | swars2 | Fabaceae | (Sw.) Spreng. | Formerly S. s. var. ochnaceae, and appearing as the latter in 1996 and 2004 papers. | Swartzia simplex var. ochnacea | swa2 |
| Swartzia simplex var. grandiflora | swars1 | Fabaceae | (Sw.) Spreng. | Formerly S. s. var. ochnaceae, and appearing as the latter in 1996 and 2004 papers. | swa1 | |
| Symphonia globulifera | sympgl | Clusiaceae | L.f. | symg | ||
| Tabebuia rosea | tab1ro | Bignoniaceae | (Bertol.) DC. | tabr | ||
| Tabernaemontana arborea | tab2ar | Apocynaceae | Rose ex J.D.Sm. | taba | ||
| Tabernaemontana grandiflora | stemgr | Apocynaceae | Jacq. | Formerly Stemmadenia grandiflora, appearing as such in 1996 and 2004 papers. We are following Morales and placing it in Tabernaemontana. | Stemmadenia grandiflora | steg |
| Tachigali panamensis | tachve | Fabaceae | van der Werff & N.Zamora | Formerly T. versicolor, following Croat, but van der Werff in 2010 erected this new name for Panama specimens. This appears as T. versicolor in 1996 and 2004 papers. | Tachigali versicolor Tachigalia versicolor | tacv |
| Talisia croatii | talipr | Sapindaceae | Acev.-Rodr. | Formerly T. princeps, but Acevedo-Rodriguez described in 2003, Fl. Neotrop. | Talisia princeps | talp |
| Talisia nervosa | taline | Sapindaceae | Radlk. | taln | ||
| Terminalia amazonia | termam | Combretaceae | (J.F.Gmel.) Exell | We followed Croat’s error and spelled this incorrectly as T. amazonica through the 1996 paper. It was corrected in 2004 paper. | Terminalia amazonica | tera |
| Terminalia oblonga | termob | Combretaceae | (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud. | Our name since the plot began. Croat used T. chiriquensis, but that was synonomized before 1982. See Fl. Nic. | Terminalia chiriquensis | tero |
| Ternstroemia tepezapote | ternte | Pentaphylacaceae | Schltdl. & Cham. | tert | ||
| Tetrathylacium johansenii | tet4jo | Salicaceae | Standl. | tetj | ||
| Theobroma cacao | theoca | Malvaceae | L. | thec | ||
| Thevetia ahouai | thevah | Apocynaceae | (L.) A.DC. | thea | ||
| Tocoyena pittieri | tocopi | Rubiaceae | (Standl.) Standl. | tocp | ||
| Trattinnickia aspera | tratas | Burseraceae | (Standl.) Swart | traa | ||
| Trema domingensis | tremin | Cannabaceae | Urb. | The name T. integerrima turns out to be invalid, because its type is a different species (in a different family!). Garwood et al. (2018) explains details and applies this name as earliest valid. There is additional confusion, though, and this species is not as common the plot as we identified in 2010. | Trema integerrima | |
| Trema micrantha | tremmi | Cannabaceae | (L.) Blume | All Trema in the 50-ha plot were identified as this species until 2010. But several individuals that had been alive prior to 2010 (one back to 1990) were reidentified, forcing us to reassess the genus. See notes with Trema unidentified. However, yet another reassessment in 2019 will force most Trema to be restored to T. micrantha, as the 2010 identifications as T. integerrima (now T. domingensis) are wrong. | trem | |
| Trema unidentified | tremsp | Cannabaceae | Because we reassessed the genus in 2010, any individuals of Trema that had died earlier could not be reidentified, and all are now called Trema unidentified. | |||
| Trichanthera gigantea | tri1gi | Acanthaceae | (Bonpl.) Nees | trig | ||
| Trichilia pallida | tri2pa | Meliaceae | Sw. | Listed as T. montana in Croat, but we had changed to T. pallida before the plot began (Pennington 1981). | Trichilia montana | tri1 |
| Trichilia tuberculata | tri2tu | Meliaceae | (Triana & Planch.) C. DC. | Listed as T. cipo in Croat, but we had corrected to T. tuberculata before the plot began (Pennington 1981). | Trichilia cipo | tri3 |
| Trichospermum galeottii | tri4ga | Malvaceae | (Turcz.) Kosterm. | Croat listed as T. mexicanum, but that name was obsolete by the early 1980s. BCI specimens renamed by Meijer in 1980 (see Fl. Nic.). | Trichospermum mexicanum | tri6 |
| Triplaris cumingiana | tripcu | Polygonaceae | Fisch. & C.A.Mey. | tric | ||
| Trophis caucana | olmeas | Moraceae | (Pittier) C.C. Berg | Originally Olmedia aspera, and that older name appeared in 1996 paper. Updated to Trophis caucana, following Berg (1988). See notes under Olmedia. | Olmedia aspera | olma |
| Trophis racemosa | tropra | Moraceae | (L.) Urb. | tror | ||
| Unidentified species | uniden | Unknown | ||||
| Unonopsis pittieri | unonpi | Annonaceae | Saff. | unop | ||
| Urera baccifera | urerba | Urticaceae | (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd. | Not in Croat but identified in 1982 census. | ureb | |
| Vachellia melanoceras | acacme | Fabaceae | (Beurl.) Seigler & Ebinger | Formerly Acacia melanoceras through 2015, following Croat’s originally name. A long-running and heated debate finally ended around 2010 with the American Acacia settling in two new genera, Vachellia and Senegalia. | Acacia melanoceras | aca1 |
| Vasconcellea cauliflora | carica | Caricaceae | (Jacq.) A.DC. | This species appears in Croat as Carica cauliflora, but the species was not found in the 50-ha plot until 2010. We identified it in other plots in the 1990s, though, using the old name, but it is now updated to V. califlora in our database. (Badillo 2000 in Ernstia). | Carica cauliflora | carc |
| Verbesina gigantea | verbgi | Asteraceae | Jacq. | Croat included this taxon, but it was not identified in the 50-ha plot until the 2000 census and thus does not appear in 1996 paper. | ||
| Virola fosteri | virosp | Myristicaceae | D. Santam. | This was originally V. bozo, or V. sp. nov. in the 1996 paper, and Robin originally thought it was a new species. It was later identified as V. multiflora, but in 2019 Santamaria et al. described the Panama form as new, and named it for Robin. | Virola bozo Virola multiflora Virola sp. nov. | |
| Virola nobilis | virosu | Myristicaceae | A.C. Sm. | Croat published V. surinamensis for the tallest BCI Virola, but lists V. nobilis as a synonym, and originally identified specimens as V. nobilis. Later, Gentry incorrectly reidentified as V. surinamensis. Rodriguez in 2007 identified BCI specimens as V. nobilis, but Tropicos has both names in Panama and Costa Rica. | Virola surinamensis | vir2 |
| Virola sebifera | virose | Myristicaceae | Aubl. | vir1 | ||
| Vismia baccifera | vismba | Hypericaceae | (L.) Triana & Planch. | vis1 | ||
| Vismia billbergiana | vismbi | Hypericaceae | Beurl. | vis2 | ||
| Vismia macrophylla | vismma | Hypericaceae | Kunth | vism | ||
| Vochysia ferruginea | vochfe | Vochysiaceae | Mart. | vocf | ||
| Xylopia macrantha | xyl1ma | Annonaceae | Triana & Planch. | xylm | ||
| Xylosma chlorantha | xyl2ch | Salicaceae | Donn.Sm. | Croat misspelled this X. chloranthum and we repeated the error in the 1996 paper. | Xylosma chloranthum | xylc |
| Xylosma oligandra | xyl2ol | Salicaceae | Donn. Sm. | Croat misspelled this X. oligandrum and we repeated the error in the 1996 paper. | Xylosma oligandrum | xylo |
| Zanthoxylum acuminatum | zantpr | Rutaceae | (Sw.) Sw. | Originally Z. procerum in Croat, and in our 1996 paper under that name. We then used Z. juniperinum for some time, and that's how it appeared in 2004 paper. Reynel identified all BCI specimens at Tropicos as this in 1993, with subsp. juniperinum. | Zanthoxylum juniperinum Zanthoxylum procerum | zan2 |
| Zanthoxylum ekmanii | zantbe | Rutaceae | (Urb.) Alain | Formerly Z. belizense, reidentified by Reynel in 1993 at Tropicos. | Zanthoxylum belizense | zanb |
| Zanthoxylum panamense | zantp1 | Rutaceae | P.Wilson | zan1 | ||
| Zanthoxylum setulosum | zantse | Rutaceae | P.Wilson | zans | ||
| Zuelania guidonia | zuelgu | Salicaceae | (Sw.) Britton & Millsp. | zueg |